(i) 12𝑥 = 2 x 2 x 3 x X

36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3

The common factor in both the terms as you may notice is 2 x 2 x 3 = 12

(ii) 2y = 2 x y

22xy = 2 x 11 x X x y

so the common factors in both the terms are 2 x y = 2y

(iii) 14pq = 2 x 7 x p x q

28p^2q^2 = 2 x 2 x 7 x p x p x q x q

the common factors in both the terms as you may notice is = 2 x 7 x p x q = 14pq